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Takamine Tokumei
was an Okinawan interpreter (Chinese-Okinawan). He was ordered to learn harelip surgery and successfully performed the surgery for the grandson of King Shō Tei, Shō Eki, under general anesthesia.
It was standard at the time for members of Ryūkyū's aristocratic class to have two names: and . "Takamine Tokumei" was his Japanese style name, while was his Chinese style name.
==Life and Achievements==
He was born on February 15, 1653 in Shuri, Ryūkyū Kingdom. Being very bright in his childhood, he went to Fuzhou at age 10, and learned Chinese in three years. He became an interpreter and he was given the name 魏士哲(Gi Shitetsu) by King Sho Tei. In 1688, he was a secretary and was on his 4th visit to Fuzhou, and he learned that a boatman received surgery and his hairlip was corrected. The grandson of King Shō Tei, Shō Eki, had harelip. The four representatives of the Ryūkyū Kingdom at Fuzhou ordered Tokumei to learn surgery because of his Chinese and his skill. Earlier, a secretary named Oomine Sen-yu (大嶺詮雄, birth and death unknown)〔Okinawa,Ryuukyu Rekisi Jinbutsuden 2006, p67 at the time of the royal operation, he prepared general anesthesia herbs.〕 was ordered to learn surgery but he was unsuccessful. The Chinese physician was Huang Huiyou (Chinese: 黄會友; in Japanese: Kou Kai Yuu). He first refused to teach surgery because it was a secret, but finally agreed to teach surgery due to the eagerness of Tokumei. After 20 days of learning, Tokumei showed his skill and corrected the harelip of a 13-year-old boy before his teacher. Tokumei was given a book of the surgery and returned to Okinawa Island in May, 1689. He performed surgery on 5 patients and performed surgery for the King's 10-year-old grandson Shō Eki on October 23. The surgery was successful and it was said that no scar was visible. He performed the surgery under general anesthesia, 115 years prior to Hanaoka Seishu who performed the removal of mammary cancer under general anesthesia, the first general anesthesia in Japan. In 1690 he taught Satsuma doctors this surgery and in 1714 to Ryūkyūan doctors.〔Arashiro Toshiaki, ''Ryukyu-Okinawa Rekishi Jinbutusuden OkinawaJijishuppan, 12006. p. 66–68〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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